Furuncle (Boil): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Simple and clear information about boils, written and reviewed by dermatologist Dr. Zabihullah Abid.
What is a furuncle (boil)?
A furuncle, or boil, is a deep infection of the hair follicle caused mainly by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It appears as a red, swollen, very painful lump filled with pus.
Boils can occur anywhere, but they are common on the face, neck, buttocks, thighs and underarms. When several boils join together, the condition is called a carbuncle, which is usually more serious.
Author and medical reviewer: Dr. Zabihullah Abid – Dermatologist
Common symptoms
- Painful red bump on the skin
- Swelling and warmth in the area
- White or yellow center filled with pus
- Increasing pain before the boil opens
- Sometimes fever and feeling unwell
- Swollen nearby lymph nodes in more severe cases
Why do boils happen? (Causes)
Boils develop when bacteria enter the hair follicle or small breaks in the skin. Common risk factors include:
- Poor hygiene and excessive sweating
- Friction from tight clothing
- Shaving with dirty or shared razors
- Minor cuts or scratches
- Weak immune system
- Diabetes or chronic illnesses
- Sharing towels, clothes or personal items
When should you see a doctor?
You should consult a doctor or dermatologist if:
- The boil is very large, deep or extremely painful
- It is located on the face or near the nose or eyes
- You develop fever or feel generally unwell
- You have several boils at the same time
- The boil does not improve within 3–5 days
- You have diabetes or a weak immune system
Treatment of furuncle (boil)
1. Warm compress
Apply a clean warm compress (not too hot) to the area 2–3 times a day for 10–15 minutes. This helps the boil come to a head and drain more easily.
2. Medical treatment
Your dermatologist may recommend:
- Oral antibiotics to treat the infection
- Topical antibiotic ointment on the skin
- Antiseptic washes to reduce bacteria on the skin
- Pain relief medicine if needed
3. Incision and drainage (I&D)
For large or deep boils, the most effective treatment is often a small procedure in the clinic. The doctor numbs the area, makes a tiny cut, and gently removes the pus under sterile conditions. This usually gives fast relief and helps healing.
4. Managing recurrent boils
If boils keep coming back, your doctor may do a culture test, check for diabetes, or prescribe a longer course of treatment to remove Staph bacteria from the skin or nose.
How to prevent boils
- Keep skin clean and dry, especially in skin folds
- Shower after heavy sweating or exercise
- Avoid sharing towels, razors and clothing
- Wear loose, breathable cotton clothing
- Use clean, sharp razors and avoid dry shaving
- Do not squeeze pimples or boils
- Control blood sugar if you have diabetes
- Support your immune system with good sleep and nutrition
Contact & appointment
If you have a painful boil or recurrent skin infections, early treatment can prevent complications and scarring. For a professional skin check and treatment plan, you can contact:
Website: www.drzabih.com
